How to Download and Use WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile for Web Development
If you are looking for a lightweight, flexible, and dynamic Java runtime for developing and deploying web applications, you might want to consider using WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile. In this article, we will show you how to download and install Liberty profile, how to use WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools for Eclipse, how to enable features and configure the server, how to use dev mode and test the application, and how to troubleshoot common issues and solutions.
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What is WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile and Why Use It for Web Development
WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile is a part of IBM WebSphere Application Server product that provides a highly composable, dynamic application server profile. It is designed for two specific use cases: developer with a smaller production runtime, and production environments. For a developer, it focuses on the tasks that a developer does most frequently and makes it possible for the developer to complete those tasks as quickly and as simply as possible. For production environments, it provides a dynamic, small footprint runtime to be able to maximize system resources.
WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile is built on the open source Open Liberty runtime and is compatible with MicroProfile and Jakarta EE standards. It supports a modular structure based on features, which enable the runtime capabilities your application needs. You can also create your own features, as described in . Some of the benefits of using Liberty profile for web development are:
It is optimized for containerized deployments, continually auto-tuning its performance to the environment.
It has a smaller disk and memory footprint and higher throughput than traditional application servers, helping reduce infrastructure and license costs.
It avoids vendor lock-in by using the latest open standards and technologies.
It provides intuitive developer tools for various IDEs, such as Eclipse, Visual Studio Code, and IntelliJ IDEA.
It enables fast iterative development with dev mode, which automatically detects changes in your code, compiles them, and deploys them to your running server.
How to Download and Install WebSphere Application Server Liberty Profile
There are different ways to download and install WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile, depending on your preferences and needs. You can use Installation Manager, downloaded archive files, or developer tools. With all methods, you can also download and install assets from the Liberty Repository. Here are some steps to follow:
Using Installation Manager
You can use Installation Manager Version 1.8.5 or later to install WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile. Installation Manager provides managed installations, allows for in-place updates, and is the same tool that is used to install many other IBM products. To use Installation Manager, you need to:
Download Installation Manager from .
Run Installation Manager and follow the instructions on the screen.
Select WebSphere Application Server Liberty Core or WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment from the list of available packages.
Select the features that you want to install.
Specify the installation directory and other options.
Review the summary information and click Install.
Using Downloaded Archive Files
You can also install WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile by extracting downloaded archive files. Archive files are lightweight, easily customizable, and are better suited for cloud deployments. To use archive files, you need to:
Download one of the WebSphere Application Server Liberty packages from .
Unzip the package to a directory of your choice.
Add or remove features as needed by using the .
Start the server by running the server start command from the bin directory.
Using Developer Tools
If you prefer to use an integrated development environment (IDE) to develop and deploy your web applications, you can use WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools. These tools provide wizards, editors, validators, and other features to help you create, run, test, and debug your applications on Liberty profile. To use developer tools, you need to:
Download and install an IDE of your choice, such as Eclipse, Visual Studio Code, or IntelliJ IDEA.
Install the WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools plugin for your IDE from the appropriate marketplace or update site.
Create a Liberty server instance by using the New Server wizard or the Liberty Maven plugin.
Add or remove features as needed by using the Liberty Repository or the feature configuration editor.
Create and deploy your web application by using the New Project wizard or the Liberty Maven plugin.
Developing and Deploying Web Applications with Liberty Profile
Once you have installed WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile, you can start developing and deploying your web applications. You can use various technologies and frameworks, such as servlets, JSPs, JSFs, Spring Boot, MicroProfile, Jakarta EE, and more. You can also use dev mode to enable fast iterative development and testing. Here are some steps to follow:
Using WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools for Eclipse
If you are using Eclipse as your IDE, you can use WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools to create and manage your web applications on Liberty profile. You can also use dev mode to automatically detect changes in your code and redeploy them to your running server. To use WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools for Eclipse, you need to:
Create a dynamic web project by using the New Project wizard.
Add the Liberty profile runtime to your project by using the Targeted Runtimes page in the project properties.
Add the features that you need to your server.xml file by using the feature configuration editor.
Create a server instance by using the New Server wizard and select your project as a configured resource.
Start the server in dev mode by right-clicking on the server and selecting Run As > Run on Server with dev mode.
Edit your code and save it. The changes will be automatically detected and deployed to your running server.
Test your application by using a web browser or a testing tool of your choice.
Using Dev Mode
Dev mode is a feature of Liberty profile that enables fast iterative development and testing. It automatically detects changes in your code, compiles them, and deploys them to your running server. It also runs unit tests and integration tests on demand or automatically after every change. It also provides useful features such as hot deployment, hot testing, loose application configuration, and container support. To use dev mode, you need to:
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Navigate to your project directory in a command prompt or terminal window.
Run the liberty:dev goal of the Liberty Maven plugin or the libertyDev task of the Liberty Gradle plugin.
Edit your code and save it. The changes will be automatically detected and deployed to your running server.
Test your application by using a web browser or a testing tool of your choice.
Press Enter in the command prompt or terminal window to run tests on demand or enable automatic testing.
Type q and press Enter to quit dev mode.
Troubleshooting Common Issues and Solutions
Sometimes, you might encounter some issues when developing and deploying web applications with Liberty profile. Here are some common issues and solutions that might help you resolve them:
How to Check the Server Logs and Messages
If you encounter any errors or problems with your server or application, you can check the server logs and messages for more information. The server logs are located in the logs directory of your server installation. The most important files are:
messages.log: This file contains information about the server startup, shutdown, configuration, feature installation, application deployment, and runtime events.
console.log: This file contains the console output of the server, such as standard output and standard error.
ffdc: This directory contains first failure data capture (FFDC) files, which are generated when an unexpected exception or error occurs in the server.
You can also use the logViewer command or the to view and filter the server logs and messages.
How to Resolve Version Incompatibility
If you are using different versions of Liberty profile, WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools, or Java, you might encounter some version incompatibility issues. For example, you might see errors such as java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError or java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError. To resolve these issues, you need to:
Ensure that you are using a compatible version of Java for your Liberty profile. You can check the for each Liberty release.
Ensure that you are using a compatible version of WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools for your Liberty profile. You can check the for each WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools release.
Ensure that you are using a compatible version of Liberty profile for your web application. You can check the for each Liberty release.
Update or downgrade your Liberty profile, WebSphere Application Server Developer Tools, or Java as needed to match the compatibility requirements.
How to Resolve JMX Configuration Issues
If you are using JMX to monitor or manage your Liberty profile, you might encounter some JMX configuration issues. For example, you might see errors such as javax.management.InstanceNotFoundException or javax.management.MalformedObjectNameException. To resolve these issues, you need to:
Ensure that you have enabled the jmx-2.0 feature in your server.xml file.
Ensure that you have specified the correct JMX service URL and credentials for your Liberty profile. You can check the .
Ensure that you have registered your MBeans with the correct object name and domain name. You can check the .
Ensure that you have used the correct JMX client API or tool to access your MBeans. You can check the .
How to Resolve SSL Issues
If you are using SSL to secure your communication with your Liberty profile, you might encounter some SSL issues. For example, you might see errors such as javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException or javax.net.ssl.SSLPeerUnverifiedException. To resolve these issues, you need to:
Ensure that you have enabled the ssl-1.0, transportSecurity-1.0, or servlet-4.0 feature in your server.xml file.
Ensure that you have configured the SSL settings for your Liberty profile, such as keystore, truststore, certificate, and protocol. You can check the .
Ensure that you have imported the SSL certificate of your Liberty profile into your client's truststore or vice versa. You can use the keytool command or the to import certificates.
Ensure that you have used the correct SSL protocol and cipher suite for your communication. You can check the .
Conclusion
In this article, we have shown you how to download and use WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile for web development. We have covered how to install Liberty profile using different methods, how to develop and deploy web applications using various technologies and frameworks, how to use dev mode for fast iterative development and testing, and how to troubleshoot common issues and solutions. We hope that this article has helped you understand and appreciate the benefits of using Liberty profile for web development.
If you want to learn more about WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile, you can check out the following resources:
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile:
What is the difference between WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile and WebSphere Application Server traditional?
WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile is a lightweight, flexible, and dynamic application server profile that is optimized for cloud and microservices environments. WebSphere Application Server traditional is a full-featured, robust, and scalable application server that is suitable for enterprise applications. Both profiles are part of the WebSphere Application Server product and share the same code base and administration tools.
How can I migrate my web applications from WebSphere Application Server traditional to WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile?
You can use the to scan your application binaries and generate a migration report.
How can I monitor and manage my WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile instances?
You can use various tools and interfaces to monitor and manage your WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile instances, such as:
The server command, which allows you to start, stop, status, dump, package, and list your server instances.
The featureManager command, which allows you to install, uninstall, and list features for your server instances.
The logViewer command or the Log Viewer tool, which allows you to view and filter the server logs and messages.
The jconsole command or the JConsole tool, which allows you to connect to your server instances using JMX and perform various operations.
The collectiveController command or the Collective Controller tool, which allows you to create and manage a collective of server instances.
The adminCenter feature or the Admin Center tool, which provides a web-based interface for managing your server instances.
How can I secure my web applications on WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile?
You can use various features and options to secure your web applications on WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile, such as:
The ssl-1.0, transportSecurity-1.0, or servlet-4.0 feature, which enables SSL communication between your server and clients.
The appSecurity-2.0, appSecurity-3.0, or servlet-4.0 feature, which enables authentication and authorization for your web applications.
The jaspic-1.1, jaspic-2.0, or servlet-4.0 feature, which enables Java Authentication Service Provider Interface for Containers (JASPIC) for your web applications.
The jacc-1.5, jacc-2.0, or servlet-4.0 feature, which enables Java Authorization Contract for Containers (JACC) for your web applications.
The sso-1.0, samlWeb-2.0, or samlWeb-3.0 feature, which enables single sign-on (SSO) or Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) for your web applications.
The , which allow you to specify the keystore, truststore, certificate, protocol, and other SSL settings for your server.
The , which allow you to specify the user registry, security domain, role mapping, authentication mechanism, authorization provider, and other security settings for your server and your web applications.
How can I optimize the performance of my WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile instances?
You can use various features and options to optimize the performance of your WebSphere Application Server Liberty profile instances, such as:
The monitor-1.0 feature, which enables performance monitoring for your server and applications.
The requestTiming-1.0 feature, which enables request timing analysis for your server and applications.
The autoTuning-1.0 feature, which enables automatic tuning of the thread pool size and the garbage collection policy for your server.
The , which allow you to specify the heap size, the thread pool size, the connection pool size, the session management settings, and other performance settings for your server and your web applications.
The , which provide some best practices and recommendations for improving the performance of your server and your web applications.
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